While climate change increasingly threatens international peace and security, disagreements over the Security Council's mandate and legitimacy continue to hinder the formal adoption of a climate security framework. In December…
Assessing pre-emptive action as a non-proliferation tool through the contrasting cases of Iraq's Osirak airstrike and Iran's advanced nuclear programme. This article will explain that pre-emptive actions are not effective…
Georgia’s post-2022 foreign policy shift reflects realist hedging under intense structural pressure rather than simple pro-Russian alignment. Facing Russian coercion after 2008, uncertainty from the Ukraine war, and escalating tensions…
