Europe’s defence industrial base operates in an energy cost environment roughly twice as expensive as that of the United States. As governments scale spending toward NATO’s 5% GDP target, that…

Europe seeks stronger defence independence from NATO, but political divisions and national interests risk blocking lasting integration. On 9 May 2026, a cross-party alliance of Members of the European Parliament…

This article examines the European Defence Fund's 2026 Work Programme, with particular focus on the allocation of resources toward quantum-secured tactical communications. On March 10-11 2026, the European Commission held…

This analysis examines the structural factors shaping Europe’s subsea cable security environment following recent incidents in the Baltic Sea. On 31 December 2025, Finnish special forces boarded a cargo vessel…

Europe’s defence spending is reaching record levels, with €392 billion projected in 2025–26, yet 75% of procurement flows outside the Union. Recent PESCO assessments and procurement data reveal structural industrial…

US pressure over Greenland is straining NATO’s unity. While Denmark is significantly increasing its Arctic defence spending, growing political friction with Washington threatens "strategic de-coherence”, eroding trust within the alliance…

The December 2025 release of the US National Security Strategy (NSS) has shifted the debate on European Strategic Autonomy (ESA) from a long-term aspiration to an immediate strategic concern. Through…

Europe faces a critical challenge from AI-enabled drone swarms, quantified by a dual structural vulnerability. This includes an Asymmetry of Scale or production deficit and an Asymmetry of Capital or…

Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has exposed NATO’s industrial and strategic vulnerabilities. Despite the Alliance’s vast economic power, ammunition production and defence capacity remain insufficient for sustained conflict, risking a…